Analysis of Presentation on Nature as Female :: Gender Sex Female Male Essays Papers

Analysis of Presentation on Nature as FemaleI found the innovation on Nature as Female to be very interesting, because the topic asks as many questions as it answers. The question of why constitution is gendered, I believe, is inextricably rooted in style. Language determines everything our experiences, our perceptions, our beliefs, and our desires. In a class I took last term we spoke about Lacan and his theory about spoken communication determine our desires, and it made sense to me, because you cannot desire what you cannot name. In the same commission, language determines our beliefs about the world. In an anthropology course I took, there was a study about this Navajo folk music that demonstrated a profound understanding of quantum physics, without ever having been taught it. The linguists believed that this was because of their language. Their language determined their perception of the world, and thus allowed them to understand it in a vastly different way then people wh o speak slope or French, for example. The example that was given to try to explain the disagreement was that instead of foretelling grass grass, the Navajos would call it growing green that reaches up to the sky. In their process of naming it as such, their concept of grass is different than our concept of grass. Do you understand the difference that language can make, just in how things are named and described? Another example that was given was how Chinese children displayed far greater mathematical understanding compared to English speaking children, and the disparity was traced back to language. The argument here is that language determines our conceptualization of numbers. In English, we say ten, twenty, thirtyetc. The word twenty gives no denotation that it means two tens. In Chinese, however, the words do give this indication (one-ten, two-ten, three-tenetc). Language is so innate in us that we forget its power. But realizing how language exerts itself over everything, it is easy to understand how our conceptualization of nature as female has come to be. Our concept is a result of our language, which determines our understanding of the world. In the English language there are gendered words, which necessarily influence our belief about what they signify. Thus we say mother nature and without a second thought we understand nature to be female. In just that one word mother, nature becomes conceptualized for us as female. Thus, our understanding about nature is based on this belief.

My Personal Identity Essay -- Personal Narrative, Identity Essay

A persons identity is shaped by many a(prenominal) different aspects. Family, culture, friends, private interests and surrounding environments are all factors that tend to help shape a persons identity. Some factors may ache more of an mould than others and near may non progress to any influence at all. As a person grows up in a family, they are influenced by many aspects of their life. Family and culture may influence a persons sense of responsibilities, ethics and morals, tastes in music, humor and sports, and many other aspects of life. Friends and surrounding environments may influence a persons taste in clothing, music, speech, and social activities. Personal interests are what truly impersonate individuals apart. An individual is not a puppet on the string of their puppet-master, nor a chess piece on their masters game board, individuals choose their own paths in life. They accomplish, or strive to accomplish, goals that they have set for themselves throughout th eir lifetime. Individuals are different from any other individual in the world because they live their own life rather than following a crowd together of puppets. A persons identity is defined by what shaped it in the first place, why they chose to be who they are, and what makes them different from everybody else in the world. I purport that I have developed most of my identity from my own dreams, fantasies, friends, and idols. I am who I am partly because of my family, but mostly because of who I hope myself to be. I go away never be exactly what I want to be because of my family upbringing, but I can provide myself with opportunities to live a fair similar life. I would have loved to be brought up in a family that was into off-road racing, such as trucks, snowmobiles, an... ...far, education has had no real impact on the person that I am, but hopefully by the time I finish college, it will.I am very proud of the person that I have become. I have followed my own dream s, fantasies, friends, and idols to become the person that I am today. My family has influenced me as far as morals and values, my friends have influenced me in social activities, speech, and clothing, and my fantasies and idols have given me something to strive for in my life. Once a person takes the time to truly get to know me, they tend to see me as one of the greatest guys that they have ever met. I will continue to live my life for individual that I am while taking into other people and not doing anything that may negatively affect another persons life. I am currently very happy with the person that I am and will continue keep myself happy until the day I die.

The Immigrants of America Essay -- Immigration

The culture of every ethnic group is beautiful in its own way and value cherishing. Today, America is known as the great melting pot not for the number of immigrants it has just rather because of the wonderful cultures and traditions the immigrants brought with them. Immigrants do not need to deliver their mother tongue, significant celebrations or customs to become American. However to be socially accepted, they will need to learn slope, take part in celebrating home(a) holidays and fulfill their patriotic duties Americans like every other U.S citizens. It is important for immigrants to learn to speak and write in English while keeping their native tongue. Without knowing how to speak the common language here, it is impossible to blend in. I have seen Vietnamese people who migrated to the United States more than ten years ago but still speak little to no English. Most of them live in their little Vietnamese communities, subsisting off either minimal pay-checks from manual labo r, such as giving manicures, or their relatives paychecks. They are like parasites that could literally die without their host. Foremost, they will put themselves in danger because they cannot read warning signs and prohibitions. If emergencies arise, these non-English speakers would not be competent to explain the situation to a police officer. In the worse case, they will endanger others lives as well. These probably have their own reasons for not learning English but denial to learn when they have the potential is simply illogical when this would open so many doors, opportunities and win them the acceptance of the general population. Even Nipponese people learn to speak English once they migrate to America although it is the taboo language in Japan. Immigra... ...nd Videos - For Dummies. Web. 07 Dec. 2010. .Yamaguchi, Kristi. Faces of America - Kristi Yamaguchi. Interview by Henry L. Gates, jr. PBS. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. .Parrillo, Vincent. Causes of Prejudice. Re-reading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Eds. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. 8th Ed. Boston Bedford/ St. Martins, 2010. 384-398Rumbaut, Ruben G., Douglas S. Massey, and Frank D. Bean. Linguistic Life Expectancies Immigrant Language Retention in Southern California. Tech. Population Council. Web. 17 Dec. 2010. .

Comparing Hurston’s Books, Seraph on the Suwannee and Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Compararison

Comparing Hurstons Books, Seraph on the Suwannee and Their Eyes Were observation GodI found both books, Seraph on the Suwannee and Their Eyes Were Watching God to be very well written, yet I found it very ironic and almost funny to compare the two. Although it may not lose been intentional, Hurston uses, what can be called, race reversals to describe Janie and Arvay. Janie is a not-so-typical black woman who is confident and while she is somewhat submissive to her husbands, she has more integrity than her white counterpart, Arvay.The text edition says when describing her unique beauty, that the men notice her firm buttocks like she had grape fruits/ in her hip pockets the great rope of black hair swinging to her/ waist and unraveling in the wind like a plume. Arvay, on the other hand, is teasing to the fancy of many men, but she is described as, pretty if you liked delicate-made girls/ (and) could easily be overlooked. The irony of this comparison lies in the fact that unlike life during the time period that the story is written, Janie is seen as an icon of inner-beauty and strength Arvay is cute, but she isnt as strong. In some of the other literature in this course and others, black women are written as strong fibers, but many of them dont live the life that Janie lived. She appeared to fill more choices than most and she acted upon her feelings rather than suffering in many cases. She falls in love with her last two husbands without feeling as if she were being violate or forced to do unnecessary things. Unlike her mother, grandmother and other black women, particularly slaves, she is given the chance to be feminine and complete her duties as a wife without subtle forms of torture. I feel that Hurston is using her imagination to get back at white women in a sense because she shapes Arvays character as the one who is slightly oppressed. When the story begins, Arvay is upset with her sister because she takes the man that Arvay wants to marry. Because she feels that a piece of the life that she wanted to have (the life of a preachers wife) is interpreted away from her, she tries to go into seclusion and ends up marrying a man that she persuaded to love. Her first time having sex with Jim is written as a near rape A tearing sound of starched fabric, and the garment was being dragged ruthlessly down her legs.

Buffalo 66 :: essays papers

Buffalo 66 Buffalo 66, a movie directed and written by Vincent G aloneo starts with a baby picture of Billie Brown (played by Vincent Gallo himself), and thus goes into shots of Billie getting out of prison. Billie the fresh free man is looking for a bathroom but has no luck in finding one. The shots used in the scenes where hes on the search for a bathroom ar some handy shots (a bit shaky), they cut in the middle and they are in any case shot from above this is, in my opinion to emphasize on the situation Billie is in. He really needs to go to the bathroom but has no fortune, until he enters a dance studio. There he meets Layla (played by Christina Ricci) a young blond girl that simply wanted some dance lessons. Billie asked her for a sop up to call his mother, and then suddenly decided to kidnap her. The reason for that was that he didnt want to disappoint his parents, his parents thought he was successful and married. After all this Billie didnt find a bathroom yet u ntil they drove off to his category. In the scene where he finally pees, in that respect is a close up shot of Billies face, to show the audience his reaction. He enters the car, and he is more calm he apologizes to Layla for being so aggressive, while hes apologizing to her there is a close up shot of her and his voice in the background, this emphasizes on Laylas reaction. During the drive back to Billies home theres alot of shots of the neighborhood, in my opinion this is to enlighten the audience on the type of surrounding Billie grew up in, this helps in understanding his character. Billy and Layla finally arrive to his house, in front of the house theres a huge sign Go Buffalo this is a clue on the environment Billie lived in at home. It is obvious his parents are huge football fans by the decoration of the house. Layla get in the character of being Billys wife, she makes up a story that Billy plant for the CIA and that she really adores him. The next scene shows us thre e of the characters sitting around a table, and every minute it keeps switching. It seems like the camera is going through a point of view of one of the characters, and it keeps changing each time someone else speaks.

Buffalo 66 :: essays papers

Buffalo 66 Buffalo 66, a movie directed and written by Vincent Gallo starts with a baby picture of Billie brownish (played by Vincent Gallo himself), and then goes into shots of Billie getting out of prison. Billie the fresh free man is looking for a bathroom but has no luck in conclusion one. The shots used in the scenes where hes on the search for a bathroom are some handy shots (a bit shaky), they cut in the midway and they are also shot from above this is, in my opinion to emphasize on the situation Billie is in. He really needs to go to the bathroom but has no fortune, until he enters a bounce studio. There he meets Layla (played by Christina Ricci) a young blond girl that simply wanted some dance lessons. Billie asked her for a quarter to call his mother, and then suddenly decided to kidnap her. The reason for that was that he didnt want to disappoint his parents, his parents thought he was roaring and married. After all this Billie didnt find a bathroom yet unt il they drove off to his house. In the scene where he finally pees, on that point is a close up shot of Billies face, to show the audience his reaction. He enters the car, and he is more calm he apologizes to Layla for being so aggressive, while hes apologizing to her there is a close up shot of her and his voice in the background, this emphasizes on Laylas reaction. During the drive back to Billies home theres alot of shots of the neighborhood, in my opinion this is to enlighten the audience on the type of surrounding Billie grew up in, this helps in understanding his character. Billy and Layla finally arrive to his house, in front of the house theres a huge sign Go Buffalo this is a clue on the environment Billie lived in at home. It is obvious his parents are huge football fans by the decoration of the house. Layla get in the character of being Billys wife, she makes up a study that Billy works for the CIA and that she really adores him. The next scene shows us three of the characters sitting around a table, and every minute it keeps switching. It seems like the camera is leaving through a point of view of one of the characters, and it keeps changing each time someone else speaks.

Kinship System in Foraging and Horticultural

I behave chosen to write about the San Tribe because their ways are very intriguing to me. The San or also known as the Bushman, are located in the Kalahari Desert. These tribes have lived in this area for around four thousand years. They have a dieting of primarily nuts, fruits, melons, and berries. Since their women gather about eighty per-cent of the nourishment for their building block there is more of these fruits and other things than there is meat. Their men gather meat about once or twice a week and accountable for about twenty per-cent of the food which is meat of some kind.San is a group of people who know how to eff their lives since only gathering food two or three times a week they spend the rest of their time on leisure activities. These activities could take on any of the following, visiting one another or just sleeping. (Lee, 1979) When you do not have to undertake more and more you can enjoy what you have and not have to over work your self and it would have t o b4e more comfortable for your body with less strain and worry. The San is a Ban inn and their livelihood comes from foraging, which is lookup and gathering what they require to survive.These Nomadic tribes of kin people travel over the land year after year to prime locations for known where they gather food and water and not only do they survive they are a thriving community. They travel in sm each independent communities that break apart and accordingly rejoin other members at different times. They tend to live in the most marginal environment in the world. Their community is a reciprocal unit in the fact that they have an tack economical organisation. Among the kinship group, there is a form of giving of services and goods in a mutual concord upon nimbus.This is not only among the family unit but also by the completely camp residents and visitors alike share in the quantity of food available equally. The collectors make do the food in either a raw or a prepared portion a nd then distributed around to each. You can find a unending flow of nut, berries roots as well as melons around the fireplaces of each resident all given to meet the standard of equality (1969ap. 58). This foraging system is an immediate return system they must consume to stop spoilage. Woodburn, 1988) It is also a way to pr yield a large amount of produce from be in the event of there moving about, as they tend to move constantly. This foraging system works because even as they give without expectation of exchange or immediate return there is an unwritten rules that all has even in the event there is no kill by some of the parties on a certain day. There are some times when hunters can go weeks without a kill and they must rely on the hunters that have lot in those times.Even though San men are widely skilled at hunting there can be different level of achievement but this does not have a status level on it for anyone as far as being accepted. There is a great jazz of modesty i n the village as the hunters return to camp upon a successful hunt. The hunter coming into camp does not give off an atmosphere of bragging in fact, it is to the contraire. There are unspoken rules followed by the hunter as well as the others. This keeps one from feeling inferior or first-rate to another bringing forth feelings of jealousy.This also brings a reinforcement of social ties and helps to be closer knitting together of family units. You could also feel safer in the event a family member is hurt or was to become ill and could not provide their part of the food for a while.. Well I am hunted in comparison to our society there is not a great deal to say is the same as foraging. We here are more plausibly to let those that will not work go hungry. Of course, we have the welfare system and food pantries that do make it easier for those who do not have to get food. However, we do not work on the general idea of every one being equal those that work harder have more.The more you apply your self the more you have. We also do have leaders that can make us do things whether we want to or not. The seat belt law is an congressman of this. As far as kinship in our family my children and grandchildren would be considered one that I personally would share anything I have with but not all in our family feels this way. We are in a dog eat dog society and I fear it has rubbed off on most everyone. I cerebrate if you do not work for it, you do not get it and I have tried to teach my family these same rules to live by.However, we do tend to do for our own kin folk first in taking care of them. We look out for our immediate family in providing for them and making sure, they have what they need. I recommend as a child we lived in the city and my mothers family (brothers, sisters and some of their children would come and stay with us and we would help them get a job and get started. daddy owned an apartment house so they could stay in one of our apartments and we w ould feed them until they could do for themselves. Rules followed now are less kinship in our society in this present time.

Blood Ties and Families Essay

Many complaisant scientists reject the idea that families can be defined only by blood ties. Discuss. The Oxford Dictionary meaning of family is noun (plural families) 1 treated as singular or plural a group consisting of two p atomic number 18nts and their children living together as a unit. There are many different ideas to the highest degree what makes a family, and is this idea of what a family is frequent and the childrens perspectives. There is a lot of debate with social scientists about the family. Functionalists say that the term family is a universal institution performing functions for societys survival.Sociologist Murdock suggest that each family has for functions in order to be classified as a family. They are, a joint residence, nevertheless there are many cases in which families do not share a common residence for example if a child is at boarding school or a parent is in the armed forces. (Murdock, cited by Gittins, D, p. 2). (Gutman 1976) instal that it was c ommon among black slave families in the USA for a husband and wide to live on different plantations and see one another for a few hours once or twice a week.Soliende de Gonzalez cited by gittins) found this type of household very common in black Carib society there are groupings which I have called dispersed families in which the father, even though he is absent for long periods of period he still retains ultimate authority over a household for which he provides the only support, and where affective bonds come about to be key between him and his wife and his children. (Mudock cited by Gittins p. ) next family function is economic co-operation, its a broad term and can encompass a wide range of activities such as sleeping and cooking, it occurs between households as well as between one-on-ones within the household (Murdock cited by Gittins p. 4) third is his definition of stiruality is heterosexuality, even though this is only one of many forms of sexuality. They say that this is the most important function of a family because it leads to reproduction. He also suggests that they get pressured into mentation thats heterosexuality is a socially approved relationship between two adults.However there are critisms of Murdock as he doesnt publication into account the diversity of the ways in which co-residence, economic relations, sexuality and reproduction. Many sociologists say that they are simply western values and ideas of what a family should be the like and assume that everyone will agree. (Jessie Bernard 1973 cited by Gittins pg. 3) Another criticism is that families do not need adults of both sexes, or a heterosexual couple, as same sex couples can adopt or can use medical advances (e. . IVF or surrogacy) to rick a biological parent. (Edholm 1982 cited by Gittins p. 4) Anthropologists prefer to use the term phylogenetic relation rather than family, the ties which exist between individuals who are seen as related both through birth (descent) and th rough mating (marriage). This theory is concerned with the ways in which parentage us assigned, attributed and recognised, descent is traced, relatives are classified, rights are transferred across generations and groups are organize.Unlike the functionalist approach the family relationship theory stresses the fact that kinship is a social construction and also it emphasises on the variability of kinship depending on how it is defined. There is a debate about whether kinship is biological or social, many of us believe that its biological because of we know who are parents are and they made us so we simply think that kinship is biological but there are cases where children are brought up by parents who they believe to be their biological parents and then find out that they have been adopted and then suffer an identity crises because they do not know who they are anymore.Their own suffering is caused by the ways in which we define kinship in society and there is a pass by differen ce between a biological and social parents, we see the biological parent as the real parents and that has the strongest bonds with the child, this is a strong western belief. However in other cultures they believe that it is the person who rears the child is defined as the parent regardless who is involved in the reproductive process, for example in some cultures it is common for a child to be raise by a grandparent. ( R. T. Smith cited by Gittins p. ) fond this was common in Guyana and Jamaica and says that close and imperishable bonds are formed through the act of raising a child. Fictive kinship (Rapp 1980292 cited by Gittins p5) carryd that fictive kinship was a serious relationship, and how we turn friends into family. It was also argued that kinship is whatever we chose it to be whether thats biological, social or fictive, its a way of identifying others as in some way special from the rest, people to whom the individual or collectively feel responsible in certain ways.Many a nthropologists have argued that kinship is simply a system of meaning and symbols, they also state that animals reproduce, mate and form attachments but they do not have a kinship system. (Marx cited by Gittins p 5) argued that it distinguishes people from animals. In child birth maternal quality is always known unlike fatherhood, however apart from carrying and giving birth to the child that is where the biological process stops the rest become socially constructed. sex also affects the ways that kinship is constructed and defined, they are both universally present as mothers and children are but the content of them and the meanings ascribed to them is highly variable. Age is also an important fact when it comes to kinship as people grow up the household composition and resources change. All relationships are different and with society changing there has become many different norms of society. Families do not have to be blood ties or even live under the same roof all the time or h ave two sec parents. Family isnt universal.

Mid Term

Mid Term Essay Exam Section I Literature finished 1700 In both the poem Contemplations by Anne Bradstreet and William Bradfords Of Plymouth Plantation, nature is a of import subject. Both poems are interested in natures role in peoples (especially Christians) lives, whether it be disallow or positive. The question that comes to mind is nature a chaotic savageerness, the physical evidence of Satans meddling, or is it the marvelous examples of the works of paragon? Bradford believed very firmly that is the former. The traditional Puritan view of nature (which the Separatists shared as well) was very negative.Bradford did not view nature through a romantic lens, but quite a he saw it as evidence of Satan at work in the world. He believed that as Satan would sow errours, heresies and wonderful dissensions amongst the professors themselves, he was in incident the creator of confusion and disorder in the natural world. Bradford saw America as a forbidden waste background, a direct reflection of the spiritual chaos. In the poem Of Plymouth Planation, he wrote that the Pilgrims, after reaching the raw(a) World, found a hideous and desolate wilderness, full of wild beasts and wild men. Bradford differentiated the arrival of the Pilgrims in the New World to Moses and the Israelites, but America, in beingness untamed, was not the Promise Land they had pictured. Instead it was a place of chaos and danger, full of woods and thickets, representing a wild and savage hue. In Bradfords mind, this young land became the wilderness the Israelites wandered in for forty years, but un care Moses, the Pilgrims had no consolation, and neither could they, as it were, view this as a more goodly country. fit to Bradford, this do nature a kind of spiritual trial at best, and a very hostile and demon equivalent land. From Bradfords bloom of view nature was a fallen world. The lack of order and stability was both threatening and representative of the contamination of sin to a ll Creation. The civil move of the world where nature had been conquered and tamed, paved over into cities or manicured gardens was the ideal. This is because both the Puritans and Pilgrims saw order as reflective of reason and a spiritual understanding. The Puritans had a striking thought to control and understand.Even though both Bradford and Bradstreet looked at nature and saw fewthing else beyond it, the spiritual world in her poem Contemplations, Bradstreet saw nature as being a pale reflection. Instead of nature being evidence of Satans presence in a fallen world, it is an example of the power and notoriety of the God who created it. It is one of the few tracks that humans can catch a glimpse of the Creators omnipotence. Nature, from Bradstreets view, is a beautiful, impressive, and while it remained a part of a larger, spiritual picture, it is a positive figure and representative of God.Bradstreet devoted much of Contemplations to natures awareness of aesthetic propertie s. She begins the poem by describing the trees in autumn, describing them as having an air of humble majesty, Their leaves and fruits seemed painted, but was confessedly of green, of red, of yellow mixed hue. She admired the sun as it had control over night and day as well as the seasons. She also sees nature that praises God. She referred to grasshoppers and crickets, describing their ostensibly harmonized song as they kept one tune and played on the same string. Bradstreet makes it very clear that purge though nature is beautiful, it cannot compare to the glories of God. She illustrated this with the yearn manners of the oak tree, asking hath hundred winters past since thou was born? / Or thou since though breakest thy shell of horn? before move to say that those numerous years mean nothing in the face of eternity. She continued to point this out later by describing the continual re-birth of the world as the seasons come and go, how the earth (though old) still clad in gr een/ insensible of time/Nor age nor wrinkle re seen, whereas man lives for little more than a moment (and during that time suffers and grows old) in comparison to the ancientness of the earth. Bradstreet, in comparison to Bradford, see nature as not only evidence of Gods glory rather than that the confusion and disorder of Satan and also she thinks of it almost as a living entity that is capable of praising and worshiping its creator as well. To her, nature is not a trial to be overcome and conquered, but rather an example of a learning tool that not only brings pleasure to the senses, but the soul as well.I think Anne Bradstreet was more effective in how you used her poem Contemplations in describing nature. In the third stanza she talks about her eye catching sight of the noble Oak and addressing the tree she asks How long since thou wast in thine infancy? The answer might be a hundred or even a thousand years. In stanzas 4-7 she talks about the sun and declares that the sun is a n amazing entity. The more I looked, the more I grew amazed, And softly s back up What glorys like to thee? I think her amazement led her to understand how some civilizations considered the sun a god Soul of this world, this universes eye, No wonder some made thee a deity. In stanzas 8-10 she looks at the sky and thinks about what song she could sing to offer glory to her maker, but feels dumbfounded at the prospect of adding glory to such a powerful spirit. In stanza 9, she hears the crickets and grasshoppers singing and writes Whilst I, s mute, can warble forth no higher lays? In stanzas 21-33 she recalls sitting by the river and being reminded that the river is searching for and ever traveling toward the ocean.In stanzas 20-26 she thinks about the creatures of the sea, and how they look and how they fulfill their let destiny. http//www. associatedcontent. com/topic36271/anne-b. html Section II Literature 1700 through 1820 Part 1 scarce the old beliefs did not die easily, and as early as the 1730s conservative reaction against the worldview of the bran-new science and psychology followed as some intellectuals, aware of the new though but intent on maintaining the final truth of revealed righteousness, resisted the religious implications of Enlightenment principles (154).The Great Awakening was a watershed event in the life of the American people and before it was over, it had swept the colonies of the Eastern seaboard, transforming the social and religious life of land. The Great Awakening was actually several revivals in a miscellany of locations. Neither the Anglicans or Puritans were terribly successful in putting down roots. The problem was the settled parish system of England was difficult to transplant. Unlike communities of the old world, the small farms and plantations of the new spread out into the wilderness, making both communication and ecclesiastical discipline difficult.People often lived a great distances from a parish church, membershi p and participation suffered. Because the individual depended on himself for survival, authoritarian structure of any kind, either by government or ecclesiastical, was met with resistance. As a result, by the imprimatur and third generations, the vast majority of the race was outside the membership of the church. One person who was one of the principle figures in the Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards. Edwards had received a bad press for his Sinners in the custody of an Angry God. In this sermon he pointed out that any moment, our hold on life could break and wed be plunged into fires of eternal and logically. People listened to Edwards because he rundle about what people were interested in. The Puritans were growing deeply concerned by what they perceived to be a striking decline in piety. The youth of the second and third generation had inherited the Puritan theocracy, but had begun to forget it, and the older generation was gravely concerned about this development. They h ad come to this country to found a biblical commonwealth, but their vision did not seem to be shared by communitys youth. Another problem weighing on Puritan consciences for a long time was election. The question that was raised why should anyone preach? The decision had been made before the foundation of the world according to Calvinist orthodoxy. If preaching were simply for the sophistry of the Saints, then it was like preaching to the choir, in that you were preaching to the already converted. As a result, worship attendance had declined.By surprise there was a great test of response to the preaching of Edwards. This movement surprised people because it produced something that wasnt expected people professing conversion. What Edwards said in these sermons was Calvinism. You cant control salvation. Puritans heard him say, if you try. God will aid your salvation. Edwards talked about Pressing into the Kingdom. It was, he said, not a thing impossible. By this Edwards referre d to Gods power to save whomever he pleases. The Puritans heard it as there was a chance they could achieve election.Another figure in the Awakening was George Whitefield. He offered a new quality to the prevailing view of how one gains citizenship in the Kingdom of God. According to Whitefield the key test of ones election was whether one had an emotional experience of conversion. This represented a reaction to the Enlightenment. In essence Whitefield had reduced Christianity to its lowest common denominator, those sinners who go to bed Jesus will go to heaven. Denominational distinctives had been downplayed and this theme was picked by Samuel Davies, one of the leaders of the Awakening in Virginia.Whitefield mainly preached in terms of everyday experience. Whitefield attacked set up ministers for leading their flocks into Hell by not demanding an experience salvation of people, a theme that would be picked up by Gilbert Tennant who preached on the dangers of an unconverted minis try. As a result, the established clergy attacked Whitefield and the unchecked enthusiasm of the revivals. One of the leaders in this counterattack was Charles Chauney who led the attack from the pulpit of First Christ, Boston. Chauney claimed anyone can have a good sermon.As a result, established preachers could not compete with these itinerant evangelists, and their preaching threatened to undermine loyalty of parishioners. They tended to view these evangelists as ignorant and filed with zeal. Others had carried the revival to extremes like James Davenport who burned books, and claimed to be able to distinguish the elect from the damned. The rising opposition to the Awakening had a major impact on the anxiety of American Christianity. The old Puritan synthesis of head and heartof a religion that appealed to both mind and spiritbroke apart.The revivalists had moved in the direction of a greater rationalism in theology. The Awakening began in the North and tended to be an urban phe nomenon where highly emotional preaching appeared in Puritan churches. The compromises of the Half-way stipulation had been swept aside, and the notion of the church as a body of saints, was reclaimed. The standards of membership had been increased, and yet, membership still rose. In the South, the Great Awakening was more on the bound phenomenon than was the case in the Middle Colonies or New England.In the areas that were nominally Anglican (the tidewater) it had very little impact. This was because the residents of the tidewater had just enough religion to inoculate them from catching the veritable thing, and the authorities were better able to enforce the established church. This was not the case in the piedmont and mountains of Virginia and North Carolina, as the revival had a wide open field. The main reason was the population had very few ties to the Anglican establishment. One of the main leaders of the Awakening in the South was Samuel Davies. The revival in Hanover bega n when Samuel Morris began to read sermons ofWhitefield and Luther to his neighbors. As a result, conversions were numerous, and special reading houses were built. When Davies arrived the Awakening surged and fought for the legal toleration of dissenters. Another leader in the Awakening was Shubal Stearns who brought the Separate Baptist movement to this region. The Methodists had gained a foothold in the South mainly through the preaching of an Anglican clergyman with Methodist sympathies of Devereux Jarratt. Both the Methodists and Baptists had an advantage over the Presbyterians and surpassed them in numbers.The main reason was the Presbyterians insisted on an improve ministry and ordered worship. As a result, the Methodists and Baptists were better able to address the needs of frontier communities with lay preachers who could go where there was need, and who could be quickly deployed without waiting for them to sweep through their education. The Methodists and Baptists were al so more open to the emotional and unrestrained nature of worship in the revivals, while Presbyterians were uncomfortable with what they viewed to be the excesses of the revivals.Some of the results of the Great Awakening to unify 4/5ths of Americans in a common understanding of the Christian faith and life, dissent and dissenters enjoyed greater respect than ever before, education was important, a greater sense of duty for Indians and Slaves from the revival of George Whitefield, and it served to revive a sense of religious mission. http//www. wfu. edu/-matthetl/perspectives/four. html Native Americans Native Americans The Seneca orator bopn as ruby-red Jacket (1757? 1830), for the red crest the British awarded him for his services as a message runner during the Revolutionary War. Red Jacket may have had many names, although the only one we know is Sagoyewatha, which means he keeps the awake. After the War of 1812, he was involved in successful negotiations with the Americans to protect Seneca lands in western New York. Among many of his orations, his most noted speech was the reply he gave to the missionary Jacob Cram in 1805. Cram had been sent from Massachusetts to establish a mission station among the Senecas. He invited them to alternate at Buffalo Creek, New York.Through an interpreter, his address developed the assertion that, in Crams words, There is but one religion, and but one way to serve God, and it you do not embrace the right way, you cannot be happy hereafter. After appropriate consultation with others of the Seneca delegation, Red Jacket delivered the speech outlining what has been called a breakaway position-quite simply, the notion that while the ways of sporty Christians may be fine for them, they are not necessarily equally fine for non-white indigenous peoples who have their own religious beliefs.Present at Red Jackets speech was Erastus Granger, postmaster and Indian agent at Buffalo Creek and cousin to Gideon Granger, Thomas Je ffersons postmaster. His contiguous subordinate was Joseph Parish, who probably served as a translator, as he had done on other occasions. Whoever transcribed the translation of Red Jackets speech, it soon appeared in print, in the April 1809 issue of the Monthly Anthology, And was reprinted many times throughout the nineteenth century. In Red Jackets Speech to the U. S.Senate, he made valid points that were tragically true regarding the treatment of Native Americans by the Europeans. Through his words he is never belligerent or accusatory instead he maintains a peaceful, respectful tone. Red Jacket is a magnificent orator with a strong sense for power of words. The reader is aware of the emotions and beliefs of the Native Americans. Red Jacket spoke to the Senate with a purpose, and by the end of his speech it is clear that he was successful. At the beginning of the speech, Red Jacket addresses his audience as Friends and brother and repeated continually throughout the speech.I think Red Jacket is trying to create a peaceful atmosphere where his words will be heard. He informed the Senate that while they spoke, the Native Indians listened and requests the same respect in return. As the speech progresses, Red Jacket begins to make good points about the rude and acquisitive behavior that many of the white settlers relationships with the Native Indians. In the beginning, the Native Americans took pity on their new visitors, providing them with food, welcoming them, and treating them as friends.Over time, the number of settlers began to increase, as did the amount of land they seized from the Indians. In the speech Red Jacket says, They wanted more land they wanted our country. When I read this line you can imagine him uttering this line in a powerful but elegant manner. Red Jacket was not there to concede defeat he was standing up for his people. Even though the settlers had acquired the majority of the Native Americans land, they are still not happy, and t his is way Red Jacket came before the Senate.The settlers craved more, desired to convert the Native Americans to Christians. In the look of the Europeans, If you do not embrace Christianity, you will not be happy. This to me sounds strange because many of the settlers who fled to the New World, arrived with the hope of enjoying their religion, and not being persecuted for practicing what they believe. Yet, after their arrival, they began to force their religion upon the Native Americans, informing them that what they believe is wrong. To me, this sounds like hypocritical behavior on behalf of the settlers.They came to the New World with the intention of freely practicing their religion, and now they are the ones forcing their religion on others. Continuing his speech, Red Jacket discusses more interesting information. One of the points I find fascinating, is when he questions if the religion of the settlers was meant for the Native Americans, why were they not given a book to stud y from as well. He continues by mentioning that all he knows of this religion is what the settlers tell him, How shall we know when to believe, being so often deceived by the white people? In concluding his argument, he poses another question, since all Christians read from the same book, why do they not all agree? He even mentions that the Native Americans also have a religion but they never feud about who is right or wrong. His final plea to the Senate is, We do not wish to destroy your religion or take it from you. We only want to enjoy our own. He is not demanding the settlers to return the land they wrongly claimed as their own, he is simply asking that they allow the Native Americans to practice the religion of their forefathers in peace.

Food Crisis Essay

According to World Bank, they blame that the sustenance crisis in Africa be create by trade barrier. A lot of countries in Africa are restricted importing fodder from the border. Due to unfertilized land in a lot of parts in Africa, it causes quite a little to discourage to be a farmer, so the forage fork out is less. However, African population is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the prerequisite for pabulum depart just keep increasing. As a result, the demand for food would exceed supply for food in Africa. Before I move on to the next examples, I need to explain about the result of the demand exceed supply.Identical products most the arena should fix in the law of one price, which mean that the identical products should sell at the same price around the world. This is because if it is not the same price, the sylvan that sell high price would go to buy the low price product from another country and sell it to their country. Therefore, the country that sell product for lo w price with get a result in increasing demand which result in increasing in price. The supply for the high price product will be more because people import to sell in country, which result in decreasing in price.At the result, both countries will sell product at the same price. This will cause the exporter by the rest of the world need to sell the product at the same price (world price). Therefore, we can draw it in the graph as vertical lines while the supply in the country as an upward-sloping and the demand is downward-sloping, barely food is necessary product, so the line should be more inelastic. Now we can plot all of this in to a graph, and a graph will look like this. The import is horizontal because of the world price, so they need to supply at this price.As you can see from the graph, the import is restrict at only the small amount according to Africa, only 5 percent of the food import, which resulting in demand exceeding supply, so we can apply this to the food crisis b y trade restriction. Therefore, the price of food is increasing because there is high demand for food than supply in Africa, while the farmer is not load-bearing(a) by the government because only a little profit goes to them even though the price is high due to the government policy, so he Africa people suffer from hunger due to the unaffordable price of food.Not only Africa that face food crisis, but also the world is suffered during 2008. According to Europe, they claim that the world food crisis is because the trade restriction of many countries in the world such(prenominal) as Argentina, Russia, Japan and South Korea. These trade restrictions cause the price of food in the world to increase. People cannot afford the high price. Thus, the food crisis occurs and suffers many countries around the world.Food crisis occur in the country may lead to other problem. For example, the protest in Egypt also cause by raising cost of food in the country because of trade restriction. In long term solution to solve food crisis should be that the government should not intervene food price because food is necessary product they choose restrict on the unnecessary product such as cigarette or alcohol instead. 20 million people in Africa are suffering from hunger nowadays due to this food crisis causing by trade restriction.

Poem Still I Rise by Maya Angelou

To get wind and understand the literature, it must be strike slowly and using alwaysy(prenominal) the senses in it. literary productions could teach us several things to understand life and their situations. The project of this writing is to discuss a literary work through a psycheal experience. The metrical composition that will be discussed in this essay will be Still I Rise by Maya Angelou. This is her famous poem ever known. This author is a very good writer, I am reading her poems for the first time and I liked her poems so much.This poem suggests that we can overcome difficulties in life, disrespect rejections and injustice. It also discusses racism and all the problems black people could have because of the discrimination and all the things that involve racism. It is a call for the blacks to be proud of their origin. The black person (the author), seems liberated from her color. This poem also tells to us the importance of being strong in front of the worst circumstanc es. And no matter the situation, you can overcome and project from it.In this case, the author exposes the racism in the time of slavery. The poem has a very positive tone. Also, it is written for all type of people, I mean that anyone could read it and would understand its purpose very easily and quickly. The author says that no matter what, she will still rise. This poem has a lot of feelings you can feel it when you are reading it. I think that the author had a painful past to have written this poem. Also, it is written for all type of people, I mean that anyone could read it and would understand its purpose very easily and quickly. You may shoot me with your words, you may cut me with your eyes, you may kill me with your hatefulness, but still, like air, Ill rise. Maya Angelou in this verse openly shows the white people discrimination towards black. Everyone has had a moment of discrimination in life, where we have spent many negative things. I have being place personally wi th the author. Although I was not present at the time of slavery, I have been a victim of much other discrimination. I have been a victim of many other negative things that I have passed.About a year and a half ago, I lost my boyfriend because of a chronic disease. Now, my dad has the same disease and that makes me feel very sad, because Im living the same situation. It is a very difficult situation, because I am reviving all the things that I passed along his disease. But I have been overcoming and willing all of it with my Lords help. Sometimes, we feel that we cant live with a very strong excited charge. That is when we have to be reborn and rise as the author says in her poem.We have to rise and overcome all the problems and situations in our life even worse than the most. In conclusion, life is not easy as it seems. Life is full of obstacles and setbacks that we couldnt avoid because fate wants it that way. I think that people have forever to believe in themselves and dont l et other people to put them down. As the author, Maya Angelou has rise despite all the bad and painful that ever happened her life. We need to learn from this poem and take example. I think its a very good poem to enhance and analyze the meaning of life and our purpose in it.

Cbs Tells Sodastream to Revise Brand-Bashing Super Bowl Essay

Every year, the Super Bowl attracts some of the best and most expensive advertising in the world. But it also lures a horde of publicity-seekers claiming their commercials have been censored or rejected by the host communicate. In nearly exclusively cases, the complaining marketers never really had a shot at the Super Bowl, thanks to shoddy production values, truly objectionable content and, more oftentimes than not, the inability to pony up more than $3 million for an ad. And its a common occurrence for the network to study event sponsors to tweak or edit the content for a variety of reasons (which also can yield a PR bonanza if a sponsor cries foul just ask serial offender GoDaddy.com). But SodaStream, a mainstream advertiser that some time ago purchased a crack in the games fourth quarter, tell this wasnt a PR gambit. So whats the issue? The content of its planned commercial seemed to have concerned CBS because it was a direct hit at two other Super Bowl sponsors and heavy network TV advertisers Coke and PepsiSodaStream, which sells home soda-making machines, has already run afoul of authorities in the U.K. for a Bogusky-crafted spot indicating its product is more environmentally friendly than established sodas the spot shows branded bottles and cans of soft drinks exploding into thin air. For the Super Bowl, it hoped to up the ante with a spot depicting truck drivers clad in clothing with Coca-Cola and Pepsi marks on them, according to Ilan Nacasch, SodaStreams chief marketing officer. We really tried to comply with the standards educate by CBS, he said. At the same time, he added, We were taking it to a new level, and thats the level where they apparently judged to be going too far. interestingly enough, Pepsi has scored big points with viewers over the years by showing Super Bowl ads with Coke deliverymen abandoning their employer wholesale for a sip of a Pepsi drink.Of course, Pepsi (and, for that matter, Coke) buys multiple ads in the Super Bow l each year, as well as spends millions of dollars on other broadcast-TV advertising. Another Super Bowl sponsor, Anheuser-Busch InBev with Pepsi this year for in-store displays and promotions. A CBS spokeswoman said network executives declined to comment. Bummed, Mr. Bogusky, famous for his work at CP&B still in the game with an older spot we tweaked.

Jacob Kounin Essay

Who Is Jacob Kounin?* Jacob Kounin is a classroom behaviorist theorist. He first started as a psychologist at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. * He is best known for two studies he did in 1970 that was based on classroom management. * He began his studies in 1970 by writing Discipline and Group counsel in Classrooms. He wrote the book to discuss the effective and ineffective behaviors in the classroom. The process began by observing teachers in an everyday classroom setting to hear how they handled misbehaving. He found that no matter how the teachers handled the given situation, the outcome was always the same. His conclusion was basically to pr in timet misbehavior before it even happens. This brought on his idea of having main points to follow to have successful classroom management.Ripple Effect* The ripple effect came about while Kounin was teaching during psychic Hygiene class. A student of his was in the back reading a newspaper. The paper was completely open a nd covering the students face. Kounin asked the student to site the paper away and follow along. This brought on other students to follow the same directions. Therefore, if you call out one student in front of the class, it will event other students to get refocused.Withitness* Withitness is non a teachable concept. This is basically a natural instinct in education. Being with it involves many concepts. Teachers have to constantly versed what is going on in their classroom at all times. There are many ways to maintain withitness is being alert, circulating the classroom, postulation numerous questions, redirecting students and knowing students on a personal level.Overlapping* Overlapping is basically a teachers way of multi-tasking. Teachers should constantly keep their students focused and intermeshed in the learning taking place. This key point ties back to having Withitness.Momentum* A teacher that has a manageable classroom must have momentum. In the classroom, there are u nexpected changes that may overstep that were not planned for. A teacher has to be able to maintain control of his or her classroom during these unplanned events and just Roll with the punches. Momentum occurs when students are involved and interested in the learning that is taking place. Momentum is also a learning beam for teachers. After completing a lesson and the students are just not getting it, the teacher can reevaluate how he or she wrote it.Smoothness* Smoothness basically boils down to having daily routines and procedures. If you explain to students what you expect out of them at the beginning of the year, your classroom will run a lot smoother. Smoothness can occur in a classroom starting with morning routines, to transitioning lessons to even how students ask to get out of their seat by using signals with their hands. If a teacher has a structured classroom, it can also run smoother throughout the day.Group Alerting* This is a way to keep all students attention and be havior on task. There are several strategies teachers can go about using group alerting. Some examples of group alerts may be completed with the help of students by using songs, the clap system and sayings, while others can be used solely by the teacher. For example, calling on students at random by asking a question only after scanning the room to make sure students are paying attention.Advantages vs. Disadvantages of Kounins Theory* Advantages* Promotes learning in not only regular education students, but also with special education students* Effective ways to manage a classroom* Shows respect for all students* Helps continue discipline problems* Disadvantages* Does not address behavior problems* Teachers wanted effective strategies to stopping misbehavior quickly and they did not find it in Kounins work.Work CitedCharles, C.M. building Classroom Discipline. 10th. N.A. Pearson, 2011. 66-68. Print. Discipline Theorist. n. page. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. http//www.elearnportal.com/course s/education/classroom-management-and-discipline/classroom-management-and-discipline-discipline-theorists. Evertson, C.M, and E.T. Emmer. Classroom Management for Elementary Teachers. 8th. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson, 2009. 108-112. Print. Gulliver, L. Jacob Kounin. 01/2011. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. http//lynneg.edu.glogster.com/lynne-gullivers-jacob-kounin-glog/

Biomedical Engineering Essay

Medicine, biology, research, and engine room argon build blocks for the profession of a biomedical engineer. biomedical engineer deals with the application of ones cognition of engineering to medicine and biology to admirer with healthcare. To conjunction this profession you demand at the minimum of a bachelors degree in biomedical engineering. There are many types of biomedical engineering such as create from raw stuff, genetic, neural, clinical and pharmaceutic, and with each they beg special expertise. This profession is fast paced and filled with excitement, biomed leave alone forever be evolving as the research and knowledge of all things medical grow. flat biomedical engineering is a larger profession than many hold and is broken into many sub-specialties that require even a higher level of education and experience. Biomedical engineering requires a higher level of education after high school. Now before college for those interested they should cypher in advanced mat h and science classes to help with better preparation. Now plot of ground youre in college obtaining an internship would be very beneficial to getting a job after graduating since most are look for those with experience. Biomedical engineering includes course cook from both engineering and biology.Depending on your school the subjects vary still will usually include biomaterials, physiology, solid and fluid mechanics, and computer programming. Now if you enroll in a biomedical engineering program it must be accredited by ABET, if not your degree may not help you get a job after graduation. Well after graduation a brighter world opens up to you and you have a wide variety of other directions to travel because biomedical engineering doesnt still stop there. Tissue engineering is the study for the growth of newfangled connective tissues, organs, etc. This allows the creation of richly functional organs for implantation into host bodies. Sounds quite innovative and it is with the direct implantation over transplantation which could cause the host body to reject the organ causing further problems. Now to break blast this process first a sample of cells would be taken from the host body, which soon after will be cultured from explants. Culturing explants is basically the process of migrating and the expansion of cells. Then the cells get further culturing to form tissue thats been engineered for implantation. Now these experiments are carried out within special Tissue Culture Facilities to keep a safe and sterile environment.Now whenthese donor implants are created they are given growth measures so the cells contribute multiply and grow so once implanted they will recreate their intended functions. Now thats quite fascinating, but this is just the tip of the ice berg theres much to a crackinger extent to be unfolded. Genetic engineering deals with the manipulation and changing of cells and their makeup. Often people think of this macrocosm a way to creat e super organisms, which is actually quite true in a sense. This part of biomedical engineering helps scientist break through the boundaries that restricts them from creating novel organisms. Novel organisms are organisms that empennage produce forwardspring with new gene combinations through sexual reproduction. Now this process takes place when engineers extract specific gene traits and transfers them into some other specimen. Therefore new combinations of genes and traits lay a path for new species that doesnt occur in genius and by which cant be developed by natural means. Although these may be great feats this is one of the riskier specialties.Alongside the benefits adding unnatural genes and traits can bring forth unknown consequences, but this is someones future and our future. Neural engineering runs on the principals of wanting to understand the brain and how it works all the while developing new technology to interact and treat the brain. These engineers are taught abo ut fundamental diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, tinnitus, and epilepsy. Other skills that are needed for this profession include signal processing, image processing, instrumentation and computational simulation as well as electrode design, amplifier and filter design, brain machine interfaces, cochlear implants, and deep brain stimulation. Now all of that sounds over whelming but neural engineering requires some of the top precision because the brain is something analogous the bodies controller. So being an amateur in this field is not something thats accepted. Clinical engineering deals with the gait towards better technology to analyze and provide solutions for the clinical needs of patients.This field is quite diverse and covers a lot of areas within health care. These engineers work with complex human and technological systems. Now these men/women are the technical managers of the medical equipment, some of their responsibilities include financial or budgetary manageme nt, service contract management, selective information processing and in house operators. In addition they also fill other important functions like assuring that the medical equipment is safe and effective. Clinicalengineers are one of the more precise and helpful of the engineers because they work with medical, nursing and paramedical staff to ensure that the care their trying to deliver with the assistance of technology is being worked to the best of its ability. Pharmaceutical engineering is the field that deals with the creating and manufacturing plants and pharmaceutical products that are generated by these plants. These engineers help create the guidelines that go steady the production of medical drugs in addition to their other work.Now alike the tissue engineers their sites of work but maintain sanitary all the time on a count of the drugs and other items they handle. Labeling and packaging these pharmaceuticals after validating the integrity is another task they must hand le. It may sound odd but a major aspect of the job is being able to designing the pharmaceutical facility. They must build pharmaceutical and research facilities while considering the equipment needed and the cleanrooms and other utility stations they use. Clean rooms are an enwrap area that have low numbers of environmental pollutants, like dust or other things that can contaminate, this is somewhat of a Pharmaceutical engineers sanctuary in a way.In death biomedical engineering is a very demanding yet interesting profession and can branch off into other specialties to enhance the fascinating experience. As you read through some of them you may have greet that each have their own intricate points, but all of them have one common oddment and thats to provide healthcare and its people with the best of the best no matter what their in need of. No matter which direction you decide to go with youll need a concise clear sense and an education to back it up. This is a very advanced pr ofession and will only grow upon itself for eld to come, so if this profession is chosen be sure that youre ready and filled with enthusiasm and competition because it will be needed.Works CitedKing, YaShekia, and E. E. Hubbard. WiseGeek. Conjecture, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. . Neural Engineering. Emphasis Areas Undergraduate Program Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Minnesota. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.. Trinity College Dublin. What Is Clinical Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. . What Is Genetic Engineering? Union of Concerned Scientist Citizens and Scientist for environmental Soultions. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. . What Is Tissue Engineering. What Is Tissue Engineering. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013. .

Performance Management System Essay

Purposes * It result be linked on process, be a fair and sheer(a) system* honor the employees for their contribution to the growth of the organization in alignment with the strategic organizational goals* Rewarding their achievements as well as their contribution to their squad ups* Motivating individuals by indicating their position in the organization structure.* impel the employees in order to increase their efficiency* Foster a healthy employment relationship and commitment. physical exercise This system leave alone be a vital role of the per ground levelance appraisal process as it will interpret the evaluation of the entire process and route the end result to a more meaningful conclusion for the appraise and the appraiser. It system will be used to build trust in the employee that diligence, perseverance and hard work is acknowledged and rewarded by the organization. This will ensure the best of the employees to come up and contribute to the overall growth of the orga nization. Frequency Annually, March April every year after the initial stages of cognitive operation appraisal process have concluded. Responsibility- The appraiser will have the authority to recommend the appraiser for the inducings and rewards. This will be further evaluated by the concerned the Head HR of the project and then of the Unit and approved. initialise Reward System will consist of financial as well as non-financial incentives. 1) Financial Incentivesa. moral excellence and mental process found incentivesIt is a tangible form of recognition and motivates employees to achieve more in the rendezvous of achieving and producing worthwhile results. Based upon the bracket to where the employee scores on the final evaluation of the performance appraisal system, the employee displace be rewarded performance incentives in the following way Rating Incentive Salary hikeExcellent(5) + 20 % raise in the feeVery Good(4) +15% raise in the salaryGood (3) +10 % raise in the salaryAverage (2) +5 % raise in the salaryPoor(1) NAThe evaluation will be base on the objective scores of the final evaluation based on statistical calculation and the range of these will be defined precisely and clearly.A. Team based incentives* The police squad successfully completing the project before the deadline, * complying with the business standards of the organization, * fulfilling all the contractual obligations and expectations of the client * Providing a groundbreaking solution that surpasses the stated expectations of the client Will ensure a 5 % hike in the salary of the team members known as Team Bonus. For every successful implementation of the project by the team on the client end, the team will be eligible of excess 7% profit allot generated by the project implementation. This incentive will be disbursed among the team equitably. B. Competency and skill based incentivesThis component will reward those employees which showcase exceptional level of competencie s inclusive of the behaviours and attribute of the appraise and the KSAs for their calling level i.e. knowledge of the domain working in, interpersonal skills of the individual, team management skills and other defined competencies important for the job level. The reward will be +2% raise for each competency in which the employee is exceptionally outstanding.2. Non-Financial incentives A. consequence of achievements in the online journal of the organizationAchievements of the employees for developing an innovative solution, path breaking discoveries will be publish in the online journal of the organization.B. Inclusion in the hall of fameThe employees will be included in the manor hall of Fame for doing research and publishing their findings in the International Journals of high recognition. C. Best Team player award of the calendar monthThis award will be nominated by the team members and recommended by the Team Lead and if the instruct exists that no one is eligible for it in a particular month then it can be omitted too for that month. It will be published on the online portal of the company and will include an undivided company sponsored dinner for the employee and his/her family. An employee can receive this award a maximum of 4 times a year only.D. Best Team player award of the yearThis award will be based on the overall feedback of all the employees based on the comprehensive performance appraisal report. Every team can recommend maximum of 2 members for this award. The review committee constituted for every location will further evaluate the contenders for the position and based on these parameters the award will be given. The other incentive related with this award will be 3 day 4 night company sponsored pass for the employee and spouse.E. Star team of the yearThis award will be based on the targets achieved by the team, deference with the standards set by the organization, timeliness, team cohesiveness (which will be inferred from the perfor mance appraisal of all the members of the team) and based on the recommendation of the DC Project Head. A star team will get an additional bonus of 5 % for that year.Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) The Performance Improvement Plan (PIP) is designed to avail constructive discussion between the appraisee and appraiser and to clarify work performance to be improve. It is implemented at the discretion of the appraiser. Once the appraisee has developed the plan, the document is reviewed by the appraiser to determine if the activities outlined will religious service the employee to attain the desired level of performance.The supervisor will monitor and provide feedback to the employee regarding their performance and may manoeuver additional disciplinary action, if warranted. The below form needs to be filled by the appraisee during the Performance assessment Process Performance to be change The employee lists the activities they will initiate to improve performance including sk ills to be improved and changes made to meet work performance expectations. (List short and long term goals to be accomplished as applicable.) Targeted date for improvement by when? Expected results Dates reviewed by employee and supervisor The appraiser should jointly review the form above and the following 6 items needs to be answered with the appraisee when using the document.1. State performance to be improved (be specific and cite examples). 2. State the level of work performance expectation and that it must be performed on a consistent basis. 3. train the support/resources you will provide to assist the employee. 4. Communicate your plan for providing feedback to the employee (meetings, with whom and how often). 5. Specify possible consequences if performance standards are not met.Potential idea interest complete the following Appraisal of Potential for your employee. This Appraisal concentrates on other types of tasks, or other greater office the employee is capable o f doing, and in what direction their personal interests lead them. * In your opinion, what skills, knowledge talent, qualities should be developed or strengthened? Please be specific. * What is he/she personally doing to become more proficient in his/her assignment, and to prepare for more responsibility? * What are your plans and recommendations for a development program for this employee? Be specific. * What do you see as this employees nigh step positions?* What specific performance results were achieved during this review period (include all quantitative measures)? * Indicate major performance results achieved in the supervision of others. Include such items as staffing, delegating, motivating, resolving conflict, and development of staff. * Describe how well performance results were achieved compared to positionstandards and specific performance requirements. * Comment on the methods and approach used by the employee in playing the job.Rate the employee on the following chara cteristics or how does the employee fair on following behavioural characteristics* Decision qualification* Independent* Confidence towards the job* Handling stress and pressure* Inter-personal skills, both with superiors and subordinates* Leadership, motivating and conflict treatment

Martyn Pig

How does Kevin brooks portray advocate relations in at least 4 key scenes in the novel Martyn devour. Power relationships play a key section in the book Martyn guttle by Kevin Brooks. Power is a border given when a someone has control over the other per discussion and a relationship is a term given when on that points a accepting betwixt two people, when put together we can deduce that the term occasion relations is when a character in this book go fors condition to control a relationship.Martyn Pig in an eleven year old whose life isnt really the best at the period and its ab prohibited to get worse as it takes an unfore chatn twist after an accident that takes shopping mall which will leave young Martyn to lead a life full of deception, disloyalty and doubtfulness on a daily basis. I will be focusing on how Martyns power is being fluctuated end-to-end the book as he confronts various characters whom of which have different relationships with Martyn.The four scenes I will be analysing the Bottle Bank scene, the killing scene, the first confrontation between Dean and Martyn, the second confrontation between Dean and Martyn and last the scene where Alex the Assassin gets exposed. The Bottle bank scene illustrates William Pigs power which outlines his superiority over Martyns vulnerability. In this scene we can that Martyn was in the kitchen filling a fictile bin liner with empty bottles this shows that although Martyns begin is shown to have the power, it is Martyn the eleven year old nestling that is looking after his father a grown man when it should be the other way.This makes the reader facial expression disheartened but this gives Martyn a sense of mental power the reason why William Pig isnt in control of Martyn the way he should be is because the alcohol intake is taking control of him which makes him endure his physical stature which is why dadaism was leaning against the doorway, smoking a cigarette, watching me by dint of his un healthy eyes Bloodshot eyes gives a indication to the audience that this a result of alcohol and do drugs abuse which is resulting in his violent and abusive mentality he has towards Martyn, this also shows a sense of power that Martyns father has as it inserts fear into Martyn.Moreover, Martyns father then goes on to say fathert you go takin em to the bottle bank Authority is shown immediately with a use of an imperative verb. Martyns Dad then goes having a short rant about the environment by saying Bloody emviroment this, bloody emviroment that if anyone wants to use my empty bottles again theyll have to pay for em this sums up Mr Pigs attitude to just about everything, unconcerned. Also this tells the reader the lack of education that Mr Pig has as it was written colloquially.Martyn on the other hand is highly intelligent, which is pointed out when in the internal monologue shorty after Mr Pigs rant in which Martyn says I thought of telling him that theres no much(prenominal) thing as the environment Martyn feels that there isnt a need to correct his dad as it would seem pointless. Therefore he decides to be the bigger man by keeping it in his assessment and not risk being a victim of his fathers violent mind suppose which creates an impression to the reader that Martyns intellect is more consuming than of his fathers.As we move onto the Killing scene we lead off to notice that Martyns powers have advanced and it straightaway seems that Martyn has the ultimate control for the moment, which is a first in the book. This gain of power is triggered by an outburst Martyn had with his father in which Martyn had said For Gods sake, Dad just shut up Its not funny, its pathetic. Youre pathetic. Why cant you let me watch the bloody television for once? As readers we are normally subjected to be shown Martyn thoughts through internal monologues as he normally kept his feelings confined within himself.The reader can compute Martyn shouting at his father due t o the exclamation marks added in which adds fire to the exceeding power Martyn is getting but for now this isnt Physical power, its filtered out as verbal power. The rakish short sentences show great effectiveness as they represent anger being vented out with pauses in which Martyn doesnt seem to be interrupted by his father (this shows the great power Martyn has terrific into which lets him control the situation swiftly). This is ended intellectually by a Rhetorical question to which neither Martyn or his Father answers as they were meant to.However, shortly after Martyn gains power Martyns father steals the spotlight and retains his former glory. Martyn had taken control of the situation due to Verbal power but he had overlooked his fathers physical power. We begin to realise this as I turned just in time to see him bearing passel on me with his first raised above his head and drunken madness yearning his eyes Martyn seems to get intimidated as his father showcased his physi cal strength to show who was the man in the house.We the readers are given an image planted in our minds of David and titan situation with Mr Pig being Goliath as he was overlooking Martyn. As readers we feel highly sympathetic as we thought that Martyn had finally gotten the upper hand and things couldve changed from this point on and Martyn and his father couldve sustained a normal father and son relationship. In the first confrontation between Martyn and Dean we can understand that Dean is the more overpowering individual, which allows him to be in control of the situation.This is pointed out to us when the following takes place unbelievable, he said. Kids today, I dont know. No respect for their elders this indirectly confirms deans knowing about the killing of Martyns father which would make Martyn feel deceived by Alex and nervously cautious about Dean. This makes the reader feel remorseful for Martyns mole is slowly turning into a mountain. Despite the fact that Dean has ful l control in the first confrontation between the pair, it was all about to change in Thursday as it was now Martyn that was in control of the situation.Dean tries to regain power by making the following threat Do you understand Pig? No money, no type. If I dont get the money he tapped the magnetic tape this goes to the Police A dash is added to cause a dramatic effect, but not even this effort to create tension could make the ball swing in deans court. Ironically dean tries to dumb it down for Martyn who is probably has the most intellect out of the pair. Dean had thought that it would be a walk in the park to capture the money from Martyn but it hasnt exactly been like this.As readers we are relieved that Martyn has taken some of the burden of his shoulder. During the course of the book we can understand that no one has really well-kept their power that they had for a long period of time, it had only lasted for a particular scene and had then be lost. What I have learnt from th is book is that you shouldnt follow someone blindly and that its normally the somebody that is most close to you that would cause you the most pain

Mrs. Meier

consultation Zelma M. Mitchell v. Lovington Good Samaritan Center, 555 NM 2d, 696 (1976) Facts Mrs. Mitchell was stopd from her position at Lovington good Samaritan Center because of an argument that broke out with the director of the center, Mr. Smith, and the music director of nursing, Mrs. Stroope. It is said by the beau monde that Mrs. Mitchell was terminated for alleged bodge. aft(prenominal) the termination Mrs. Mitchell apply for unemployment compensation and was denied. She appealed the slip-up and was then awarded the benefits. After being awarded the benefits the defendant in the trip appealed the courts decision to take a shit Mrs. Mitchell the benefits and they reversed that decision and the benefits were taken from Mrs. Mitchell. She again appealed the decision of the courts. Ultimately with the definition of bollix take Issues The distinguish in the case is that in that location is a back and forth story in what misconduct is and what kick downstairs the d ay Mrs. Mitchell was terminated. The defendants case is a history of misconduct and the plaintiff is thinking alone about the day she was terminated. Mr. Smith is saying that the incident where Mrs. Mitchell called himself and Mrs. Stroope Birdbrains was the last straw. control In order to order misconduct the defendant must prove the Mrs. Mitchell was evincing such willful or complete disregard of the employers interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of port which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in c atomic number 18lessness or scorn of such degree or recurrence as to lucid equal culpability, wrongful intent or evil design or to show an intentional and inviolable disregard of the employers interests or of the employees duties and obligations to his employer. Analysis The courts found that with the definition of misconduct adopted into the governance that Mrs. Mitchells acts were in fact constituted as misconduct. Star ting with her insubordination, improper attire, name calling and otherwise actions evinced blatant disregard to the way the center was ran and handled on a day to day basis. Conclusion After the appeals of Mrs. Mitchell and Lovington Good Samaritan center, the decision of the commission to ca-ca Mrs. Mitchells benefits revoked was reinstated.Analogizing/Distinguishing- A similarity in the two cases is they argon both applying for unemployment benefits and they were both fired for misconduct also they were both originally denied for benefits and they are both harmonic the decision. The differences in the case are Mrs. Mitchell was terminated for non respecting the higher above and not doing her job when asked. Mrs. dress was terminated for getting a visible tattoo when warned she should not do so.When asked to get the tattoo removed she chose not to and is now terminated from her position. Application to Clients Facts- The facts in this case that could be applied to my case are that she did continuously pass the evaluations and was a good employee always had stuff to work on but never enough for the owner to terminate the client until the last straw which in this case is the tattoo and in my case was the disrespect in calling the operator a bird brains. Citation Billie J. Rodman v.New Mexico Employment security department and Presbyterian Hospital, 764 NM 2d, 1316 (1988) Facts The plaintiff Billie has been terminated from her job of 8 days for misconduct. She has been denied unemployment benefits because she was terminated for misconduct. She is appealing the decision from the regulate court to revoke benefits. It is said that over the years of her working(a) at the Presbyterian Hospital she had ask overd 3 corrective action notices. Prior to the termination, restrictions had been placed on Rodmans conduct due to personal problems impacting her and the people she worked with.Rodman was reprimanded in June of 1986 for receiving to many personal telepho ne calls and personal visitors at her work station. They were disruptive to her work and the work of her co-workers. The formal reprimand informed Rodman that she was to no longer scram personal telephone calls and/or visitors during work hours. Unless it was at a designated break or dinner time, if she were to have visitors at break or dinner time they could not be visible to patients, co-workers, or the doctors in the hospital.After the reprimand extremely disruptive telephone calls and visits act. Leading up to the day Rodman was terminated. Rodman was to make all(prenominal) effort to resolve the personal productions in her life so they would not affect her at work. Issues At issue is whether the misconduct Mrs. Rodman is accused of warranted termination from employment at the hospital rose to the level of misconduct which would warrant denial of unemployment compensation under NMSA 1978, Section 5117 of the Unemployment Compensation Law.Rule In order to establish misconduct the defendant must prove that Billie Rodman was evincing such willful or complete disregard of the employers interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence as to distinct equal culpability, wrongful intent or evil design or to show an intentional and real disregard of the employers interests or of the employees duties and obligations to her employer. After being reprimanded 3 times and the behavior continuing, the hospital had proof that the actions were documented and the plaintiff was warned they had no choice but to terminate said employee. Analysis The court found with the evidence provided from the hospital that Mrs. Rodman was reprimanded and warned as the policy states. The hospital ensnare up with the actions of Mrs. Rodman long enough, they had no choice but to terminate Mrs. Rodman After the disregard of the pol icy. The plaintiff continued with the behavior she was reprimanded for.Conclusion Although the evidence in the case is amendable to more than one conclusion it is reason that there was a substantial basis for the District Court to decide that the complainant is not to receive unemployment benefits. Analogizing/Distinguishing- Citation Its Burger Time Inc. v. New Mexico Department of Labor Employment security department board of critique & Lucy Apodaca, 769 NM, 2d, 88 (1989) Facts Lucy was terminated from her position at Its Burger time Inc. because of misconduct. Lucy came into work one day with imperial tinted blur.She had previously asked her store manager John Pena how Mr. McGrath the owner of the cooperation would feel about it. Mr. Pena said he would ask he never asked and Lucy decided to disgrace her hair. Mr. McGrath sees the purple hair on Lucy and asked Mr. Pena to relay a message to her that she had a week to decide if she wanted her purple hair or her job. Lucy deci ded not to change her hair color and in doing so she was fired for misconduct. Mr. McGrath stated that it would affect the prosperity of his business.Lucy had no history of issues in the past year she had worked there and in the few days she was there with her purple hair there were no complaints from customers. A few times Lucy even received compliments on her hair color. Issues The issue in this case is that the company terminated Lucy because of misconduct. According to the definition of misconduct Lucy choosing to keep her hair purple was not misconduct. The company gave Lucy an ultimatum and she chose to keep her hair purple.Rule In order to establish misconduct the Plaintiff in this case must prove that Lucy was evincing such willful or complete disregard of the employers interests as is found in deliberate violations or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or in carelessness or negligence of such degree or recurrence a s to manifest equal culpability, wrongful intent or evil design or to show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employers interests or of the employees duties and obligations to her employer.On the other hand mere inefficiency, unsatisfactory conduct, disaster in good performance as the result of inability or incapacity, inadvertencies or ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment or discretion are not to be deemed misconduct within the meaning of the statute. In this case Lucy did not commit misconduct in any way she made a choice to color her hair and the company could not prove with documentation of policies or past problems that Lucy was a burden to the company.Analysis The courts found that Lucy was terminated from the company for misconduct, but the company could not prove that she had committed misconduct. She had never had any problems in the past, she asked permission, and decided that she would dye her hair when given the ultim atum she choose to keep her hair purple. That is not what misconduct when given the definition. Conclusion The district court is reversed and the decision of the Commission is reinstated. Lucy is now able to receive her unemployment benefits.

Can ‘Death of a Salesman’ be Described as a Tragedy Essay

Aristotle first defined a tragedy in literature as a figment where the main character is a hero a genuinely brilliant person except that he has wholeness major flaw which leads to his d declarefall, namely, death. Shakespeare then expanded on this and produced his world famous tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and Hamlet. In all of these plays, the main character is a person of high social standing and exceptionally talented, however each has a actually serious flaw as well.For typeface, Romeo is of Italian nobility and is very efficient with a sword and dagger but he is a fool for love and falls in love with Juliet as soon as he sees her, contempt al packy being in love with Rosaline beforehand. That is the flaw which eventually leads to his demise. This definition has over time become the benchmark for a tragedy. Arthur moth miller was an immigrant to the USA and can be seen as the opposite of Willy. Willy, however, is a proud born and bred American and holds to pith the very fundamentals of the American vision a very private-enterprise(prenominal) ethos.Miller, on the other hand, had communist beliefs which eventually landed him in trouble with the government. Both Death of a Salesman and another of Millers plays, All My Sons some(prenominal) dupe the makeations of the American Dream and also both secretly criticize the capitalistic belief. In Death of a Salesman, Willy dies just trying to live the American Dream and he never gives up on it an indication of his extreme optimism in all things despite how blatantly unrealistic achieving the American Dream was for him.The characterisation of Willy Loman is also quite interesting. He strives to be like a very old, flourishing salesman he met that worked from home, who when he died, numerous people he knew went to his funeral. He is someone everyone can relate to and off us love him, but he also has qualities that we all loathe and make us detest him at times. This is purposeful ly done by Miller to only make it more shocking when Willy dies in the end despite it is made quite obvious to readers it is inevitable.His name is also carefully planned extinct by Miller Willy is an average name and nothing special, but his surname is a clear point of reference to what he is. Loman low man is clearly meant to show how ordinary he is, despite just how a great deal Willy strives to be the opposite. Willys main character flaw is that he is just too proud. For example, when he is offered a job by Charley his neighbour after being fired, Willy straight bulge out refuses and is quite offended as he sees it as giving up and request for help. This is shown by when Willy says, I dont involve your goddam jobAfter Charley politely offers him a good one. Willys strong beliefs in the American Dream are also shown when he says, A man cant go out the government agency he came in, Ben, a man has to add up to something, by coming in, Willy actor when a man is born an d by going out, Willy means when a man dies. Also, adding up to something must mean being rich in Willys context. This follows the American Dream in that a man makes something of himself from nothing. Willys greatest fear has always been dying with nothing exactly what happens in the end.A use of dramatic irony by Miller, Willy willingly fulfils his own utmost fear. That quotation is also presage Willys death another intentional device by Miller. Besides his pride, another flaw of Willy is very poor and deteriorating mental health and he is subject to random flashbacks and hallucinations often of his dead and once very successful older brother, Ben, someone Willy idolizes. An example of one of his hallucinations is when Willy says, Ben, Ive been waiting for so long, despite Ben being dead at this point. The play is also cleverly structured by Miller.Music for example a flute plays in the background during some strokes for an added dramatic effect. This flute is heard in both the opening and ending scene. The play also makes heavy use of flashbacks, but sometimes a flashback scene plays on stage at the same time as the scene set in the present. This technique is seen in Act Two, while Willy is in the restaurant with Biff and Happy. On the whole, the structure is skilfully use to make the storyline more immersive to the audience. Although, it does not have the same level of effect when being read from a book.The historical context of the play greatly influences both the themes and language of the play greatly. Death of a Salesman is set during the late 1940s. This time setting influences both the characters and the audience, as the play first premiered on the ten percent of February, 1949 the life of Willy Loman was something Americans going to watch the play at that time could relate to. Sixty years on, more modern audiences will react differently as times have changed and the idea of the American Dream isnt as dominant anymore. Besides the American D ream, other common themes can be found in the play.Betrayal is quite clear as Willy betrays Linda by cheating on her with the Woman, and Willy also sees the way Biff rebels against him as betrayal and as Willy himself says, Spite . Another major theme would be one man Willy in this case being kept back from his dreams by society. In addition, the language employ by characters matches the historical setting and context. In performances of the play, characters do not usually have the New Yorker focus you would expect, but they talk like a New Yorker. For example, words like gee, and rhetorically asking the person they are talking to if they hear this?On the subject of whether we can define Death of a Salesman as a tragedy or not is not a simple question as there is substantial evidence for both sides of the argument. To begin with, those who say that it is a tragedy may solicit that it ends with the death of Willy, the main character, just like other tragedies. Moreover, Willy ha s explicit flaws which slowly lead to his downfall throughout the play. Finally, Willy may not ever do anything that can be deemed heroic, but within his own household he is very much a figure that is looked up to so it may fluid be a tragedy, albeit on a less grand scale.In contrast, you could argue that it is not a tragedy as all other characters from Shakespeares tragedies were people of high standing whereas Willy is not. Additionally, Willy is not at all a hero by any definition in fact he is in some ways a bad person as will be shown. Finally, Shakespeares heroes have quite dramatic flaws, whereas Willy has the same flaws as every ordinary human being. These are quite convert arguments to why it isnt a tragedy. We will be looking at each argument more in-depth.The play follows the tragedies of Shakespeare in that the main character dies in the end. Willy commits suicide by crashing his car so that his family would nonplus the life insurance money of $20,000 and make life easier for them. This is of course a noble reason to down oneself as it is very altruistic. However, it would make Willy a hypocrite as killing himself is also him giving up something he condemned. Nevertheless, his intentions were admirable and this could make him seen as a hero since he willingly died for a selfless cause.

Students will be required to research the topic of Effective Assignment

Students testament be required to research the topic of Effective announce and write a literary review and abridgment - Assignment ExampleMarketers can use different mediums like TV, Radio, internet, billboards, public personnel, celebrity, electronic display boards etc to come about the message to viewers and in some case press releases are being used to pass around the message. Dube and Manchanda (81-95) stated that key thing is to whole tone the effectiveness of advertizing and due to non-tangibility of parameters it becomes very difficult to measure effectiveness of advertizement. In such context, this essay will try to address the theme Effective Advertising with the help of research works conducted by various research scholars on that subject. Although, key objective of the composition is to answer the question What Makes Advertising Effective but the essay will take funnel undertake to concentrate on specific aspect like role of internationalization on advertising in the later part. Understanding concepts or factors that might affect the effectiveness of advertisement would also be historic part of the discussion. Discussion Literature Review Nguyen and Shi (965-973) pointed out that it is very difficult to summarize all the factors that whitethorn affect the effectiveness of advertisement and they also identified macro and micro influencer of advertisement. For macro factor, synchronization of advertisement theme with socio-cultural dimension of particular population or theme variation can play of import role in influencing purchase action of viewer. On the other hand, Bruce (659-673) identified micro factors like harvest-tide involvement and ad/context congruency or cognitive appeal of the advertisement can play important role in determining the effectiveness of advertisement. Considering the vastness of the topic, it is to be understood that addressing or identifying all the factors that may influence effectiveness of advertisement is bey ond the scope of this short essay. Therefore, in this literature review, the researcher will focus on issue like impact of internationalization on advertising, theme effects and ad/context congruency etc in consecrate to address key deliverables in the assignment. Theme Effects Bass, Bruce, Murthi and Majumdar (179195) stated that fictitious character of advertisement might vary over the time and alteration of themes might affect effectiveness of the advertisement. fit in to these scholars, quality of the advertisement is intangible and relative measure which has indirect link with the themes of the advertisement. For good example, these Bass, Bruce, Murthi and Majumdar (179195) used advertisement example of a fast food joint which has changed its theme over the course of time in order to remain relevant and effective. Bass, Bruce, Murthi and Majumdar (179195) found that repetition of the same advertising theme in longitudinal look might decrease the effectiveness of the advert isement. In such context, MacInnis, Rao and Weiss (391407) found that effectiveness of the advertisement is decided by the existence of pooling effects like emotional appeal, logical appeal, sense of benefits etc in the promoted advertisement. For example, Chandy, Tellis, MacInnis and Thaivanich (399414) gave examples of argument based advertisement themes in consumer durables sector and stated that effectiveness of the advertisement gets increased when marketers compare the benefits of offering with